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Vara (Vedic Weekday) is the first limb of the Panchang. Unlike the Gregorian calendar where the day changes at midnight, the Vedic day begins at exact local Sunrise.

• Planetary Ruler: Each day is ruled by a planet (e.g., Sunday = Sun, Monday = Moon). This planet becomes the overarching "king" of the day.
• Vitality & Health: The Vara primarily governs the element of Fire (Agni). It indicates the native's physical vitality, longevity, and overall energy levels.
• If Born Before Sunrise: If you are born at 3:00 AM on a Wednesday, your Vedic Weekday is still Tuesday, because Wednesday's sunrise has not yet occurred.

Tithi (Lunar Day) is the second limb of the Panchang. It measures the exact angular distance between the Sun and the Moon.

• The Calculation: One Tithi equals exactly 12 degrees of separation between the Sun and Moon. There are 30 Tithis in a lunar month (15 Waxing / Shukla Paksha, 15 Waning / Krishna Paksha).
• Water Element: Tithi governs the element of Water (Jala). It rules emotions, relationships, prosperity, and the ability to connect with others.
• Rulership: Each Tithi is ruled by a specific deity and planet, strongly influencing the native's emotional temperament and relationship karma.

Nakshatra (Lunar Mansion) is the third limb of the Panchang. It is the exact constellation the Moon was traversing at the time of birth.

• The Mind's Operating System: While the Sun represents the soul's overarching purpose, the Nakshatra represents how the mind actually processes reality on a daily basis.
• Air Element: It governs the element of Air (Vayu), ruling the nervous system, breath, thoughts, and psychological perception.
• 27 Constellations: There are 27 Nakshatras (e.g., Ashwini, Krittika, Pushya), each spanning 13°20'. Your Nakshatra determines your starting planetary Dasha (life cycle).

Nithya Yoga (Sun-Moon Combination) is the fourth limb of the Panchang. It is calculated by adding the exact longitudes of the Sun and the Moon together.

• Ether Element: Yoga governs the element of Space/Ether (Akasha). It holds everything together and represents the native's underlying connection between their soul (Sun) and mind (Moon).
• Luck and Unseen Protection: There are 27 Yogas. Some are highly auspicious (e.g., Siddhi, Ayushman) bringing natural luck, while others (e.g., Vyatipata, Vajra) bring intense, erratic, or destructive energy that must be managed.

Karana (Half-Tithi) is the fifth limb of the Panchang. Since a Tithi is 12 degrees, a Karana is exactly 6 degrees of Sun-Moon separation.

• Earth Element: Karana governs the element of Earth (Prithvi). It is the most practical limb of the Panchang.
• Action & Career: It indicates the type of work, effort, and physical action the native is destined for, as well as their practical success in worldly endeavors.
• 11 Karanas: There are 4 fixed Karanas (often indicating intense or difficult actions) and 7 moving Karanas that repeat throughout the lunar month.

Hora (Planetary Hour) is a highly advanced time-division system that dictates the micro-energy of your exact birth hour.

• Not 60 Minutes: A Hora is rarely 60 minutes long. The time between local Sunrise and Sunset is divided into 12 equal "Day Horas." The time from Sunset to the next Sunrise is divided into 12 "Night Horas." In winter, day Horas are short and night Horas are long.
• The Chaldean Order: The first Hora of the day is always ruled by the Vedic Weekday Lord. Each subsequent hour is ruled by a planet following the strict descending Chaldean order: Sun ➔ Venus ➔ Mercury ➔ Moon ➔ Saturn ➔ Jupiter ➔ Mars.
• Micro-Destiny: The Hora Lord becomes an extremely important sub-ruler of the chart, heavily influencing the native's immediate focus, wealth, and daily habits.

Gana (Temperament) is derived from your birth Nakshatra and classifies the core nature and psychological approach of the native into three categories.

• Deva (Divine): These natives have a calm, charitable, and refined temperament. They seek harmony, possess natural wisdom, and prefer peaceful resolutions.
• Manushya (Human): These natives are practical, ambitious, and grounded. They experience the full spectrum of human emotions, focusing on family, career, and material stability.
• Rakshasa (Demon/Fierce): This is often misunderstood as "evil," but it actually means "fierce, independent, and boundary-breaking." These natives are fiercely protective, highly intuitive, unconventional, and capable of tearing down old structures to build new ones.

Approaching Planets refer to the dynamic interaction between planets moving towards each other. It indicates the flow of energy and upcoming karmic events. A planet is considered approaching another under these specific Vedic conditions:

• Rule 1 (Direct Approach): If a fast-moving planet is behind a slow-moving planet, the distance between them is <= 90 degrees, and there are no other planets between them. (Exception: If the fast-moving planet is retrograde, this rule does not apply because the distance between the two planets will not decrease over time.)
• Rule 2 (Moon as a Carrier): If the Moon is between two planets, the distance between those two planets is <= 90 degrees, and there are no other planets between them. The Moon acts as a bridge, transferring the energy between the two planets so they approach each other (the Moon itself is excluded from the final result).
• Rule 3 (Retrograde Approach): If a slow-moving planet is behind a fast-moving planet, the fast-moving planet is retrograde, the distance is <= 90 degrees, and there are no other planets between them.

Universal Exception: If both planets are retrograde, they will not be considered approaching each other under any of the above rules.

In astrology, planetary speed measures how fast a celestial body appears to travel through the zodiac signs from an Earth-centered (geocentric) view. Fast planets like the Moon shift signs every few days, while slow planets like Saturn take years, shaping whether astrological impacts feel fleeting or lifelong.

Average Speed and Zodiac Transit Time

• Moon: Moves ~13.3° per day; takes about 2.7 days per sign (27.3 days total).
• Mercury: Moves ~1.3° per day; takes about 14 to 30 days per sign (1 year total).
• Venus: Moves variably; stays in a sign for about 23 to 60 days.
• Sun: Moves ~1° per day; takes about 30 days per sign (1 year total).
• Mars: Moves ~0.6° per day; takes about 1.5 to 2 months per sign (1.5 to 2 years total).
• Jupiter: Moves ~0.08° per day; takes about 1 year per sign (11.8 to 12 years total).
• Saturn: Moves ~0.03° per day; takes about 2.5 years per sign (29.5 years total).
• Rahu & Ketu (Lunar Nodes): Retrograde motion taking about 1.5 years per sign (18 years total).
• Uranus: Moves ~0.011° per day; takes about 7 years per sign (84 years total).
• Neptune: Moves ~0.006° per day; takes about 14 years per sign (165 years total).
• Pluto: Moves variably due to an elliptical orbit; takes 14 to 30 years per sign (248 years total).